Traditional olive growing is part of the DNA of Portuguese agriculture, with deep roots in history and the rural economy. Traditional olive trees, which can be found all over Portugal, are true landmarks of the agricultural landscape, often centuries old and adapted to the soil conditions and Mediterranean climate. Olive trees were so important in Portugal that, in the past, uprooting a tree would result in a fine of 3 shillings, but if it was an olive tree, the fine would rise to 5 shillings! This fact highlights the special value that has always been attributed to these trees, not only for their economic role, but also for their symbolism and the importance of olive oil in the Mediterranean diet.
Traditional Varieties from North to South
In Portugal, olive trees are found throughout the country, and each region has its most important traditional varieties, adapted to the climate and soil conditions of each area.
Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro:
- Verdeal Transmontana: Produces a fresh, slightly bitter and spicy olive oil that is highly appreciated. It is a cold-resistant variety, ideal for high-altitude areas.
- Madural: Known for its robustness, it adapts well to poor soils, producing an oil with a fruity and slightly bitter flavor.
Beiras:
- Galega Vulgar: Although it is a national variety, it is very common in Beiras. It produces a smooth and fruity olive oil, which is highly valued.
- Bical: Very common in Beiras, it is a resistant variety that offers an olive oil with a fruity and slightly bitter flavor.
Ribatejo and Oeste:
- Galega Vulgar: Also predominant in this region, Galega continues to be one of the most appreciated varieties due to its smooth and high-quality olive oil.
Alentejo:
- Cordovil de Serpa: Produces a more bitter and spicy olive oil, very characteristic of this resistant variety.
- Blanqueta: Known for its resistance to drought, it offers a smooth and fruity.
- Verdeal Alentejana: Although less common than Galega, it is a variety that produces a fruity olive oil, ideal for the production of premium olive oils.
Algarve:
- Algarvian Maçanilha: In addition to being used to produce olive oil, this variety is highly appreciated as a table olive. The oil is smooth, with notes of dried fruits.
- Verdial: Found in both the Alentejo and the Algarve, it produces a smooth and sweet olive oil, much sought after by consumers who prefer a more delicate profile.
The Importance of Quality Plants
To ensure the success of a traditional olive grove, choosing quality plants is one of the most important steps.
Well-selected plants, with good health and certified genetics, help to
avoid future problems, such as diseases or low productivity. Olive trees are a long-term investment, and choosing quality seedlings ensures that the trees develop healthily, maximizing their production potential.
Purchasing olive trees from a trusted nursery is essential to avoid unpleasant surprises, such as varieties that do not meet expectations, or seedlings that may come with phytosanitary problems. In addition, nurseries specializing in traditional varieties
ensure that the genetic characteristics of these trees are preserved, ensuring the authenticity and quality of production.
Sustainable Agriculture: The Competitive Advantage
At a time when environmental concerns and sustainability are increasingly valued, traditional olive trees offer a huge competitive advantage. These trees require less irrigation and fertilizer than super-intensive plantations, which helps reduce production costs and environmental impact. In addition, their long life cycle allows farmers to benefit from the same trees for several generations, without the need for frequent replanting.
Challenges and Opportunities in the Current Market
Traditional agriculture faces challenges, mainly due to the pressure from new intensive plantations, which, although more productive in the short term, can deplete the soil and have significant environmental costs. However, the growing demand for organic and controlled-origin products creates opportunities for farmers who are committed to producing high-quality olive oil, while respecting traditions and the environment. Traditional olive trees, with their low maintenance and high quality oil, are an excellent option for farmers looking to differentiate themselves in a competitive market.
Choosing a Nursery: A Key Challenge
With the increasing demand for olive trees, choosing the right nursery has become one of the biggest challenges for farmers. Finding a supplier that offers quality plants, with guaranteed genetic authenticity and health certification, is crucial. Choosing a nursery that specializes in traditional varieties and maintains a high standard of production is an investment in the future of the olive grove.
Here at Microplant, we work hand in hand with farmers to ensure that every plant that leaves our nursery is of excellent quality. We offer a careful selection of traditional varieties, adapted to the specific conditions of each region, and we accompany the entire process, from the selection of seedlings to technical advice, ensuring that each farmer has the support needed to start or expand their olive grove in a safe and productive way.
